晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)其(qi)他(ta)電(dian)路元件(jian)結合使用時可(ke)產生電(dian)流增益、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)增益和(he)(he)信號(hao)功(gong)率增益的(de)多(duo)結半導(dao)體(ti)器件(jian)。因此，晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)稱為有源器件(jian)，而二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)稱為無源器件(jian)。晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)基本工作方式是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在其(qi)兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)施加電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時控制另一(yi)端(duan)的(de)電(dian)流。晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)類型(xing)(xing)：雙極(ji)(ji)型(xing)(xing)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(BJT)和(he)(he)場效(xiao)應管(guan)(guan)(guan)(FET)。雙極(ji)(ji)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)（Bipolar Junction Transistor-BJT)作為兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)類型(xing)(xing)的(de)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)之一(yi)，又稱為半導(dao)體(ti)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，簡稱晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。它(ta)由兩(liang)(liang)個PN結組(zu)合而成(cheng)，有兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)載流子參與(yu)導(dao)電(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)流控制電(dian)流源器件(jian)。晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)應用于(yu)檢波、整流、放大、開(kai)關(guan)、穩壓(ya)(ya)、信號(hao)調制和(he)(he)許(xu)多(duo)其(qi)它(ta)功(gong)能。硅三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)常用的(de)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，具(ju)有高穩定性、高可(ke)靠(kao)性、高溫度穩定性和(he)(he)高頻(pin)特(te)性等優點(dian)。江蘇(su)NPN三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)品牌

共基(ji)(ji)極放(fang)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)共基(ji)(ji)極放(fang)大器(qi)的(de)應用較前兩種(zhong)放(fang)大器(qi)要少(shao)得(de)多。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)典型的(de)共基(ji)(ji)極放(fang)大器(qi)。在該放(fang)大器(qi)內，VT是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)放(fang)大管(guan)(guan)，C1是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)輸(shu)入信號(hao)(hao)耦(ou)合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容，C2是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)輸(shu)出信號(hao)(hao)耦(ou)合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容，C3是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)極的(de)交流(liu)接地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容，R1、R2是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)VT基(ji)(ji)極的(de)直流(liu)偏(pian)置(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，R3是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)VT的(de)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，R4是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)VT的(de)發射(she)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，VCC是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，Ui是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)輸(shu)入信號(hao)(hao)，Uo是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)輸(shu)出信號(hao)(hao)。直流(liu)偏(pian)置(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓VCC不通(tong)過R3加(jia)(jia)到(dao)VT的(de)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極，為它供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而且通(tong)過R1、R2分(fen)壓后(hou)，加(jia)(jia)到(dao)VT的(de)基(ji)(ji)極，為基(ji)(ji)極提供(gong)(gong)直流(liu)偏(pian)置(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，Ub≈VCCR2/（R1+R2）。流(liu)過R1的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)分(fen)兩路(lu)到(dao)地(di)：一(yi)路(lu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過R2到(dao)地(di)，另一(yi)路(lu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過VT的(de)發射(she)結、R4到(dao)地(di)。湖(hu)州電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子三(san)極管(guan)(guan)命名分(fen)成三(san)部分(fen)，中(zhong)間部分(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)區(qu)，兩側部分(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發射(she)區(qu)和集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)，排列方式有PNP和NPN兩種(zhong)。

三(san)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)基本的(de)(de)作(zuo)用是(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)大(da)作(zuo)用，它(ta)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)把微弱的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號變成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)定強度的(de)(de)信(xin)號，當然(ran)這(zhe)種轉(zhuan)換仍然(ran)遵循(xun)能量守恒，它(ta)只是(shi)(shi)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)能量轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)號的(de)(de)能量罷了。三(san)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)有一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要參數就是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)放(fang)(fang)大(da)系數β。當三(san)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)基極(ji)上加一(yi)個(ge)微小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)時(shi)，在集(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上可(ke)(ke)以(yi)得到(dao)一(yi)個(ge)是(shi)(shi)注入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)β倍的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，即集(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。集(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)隨(sui)基極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)而變化(hua)(hua)，并且基極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)很(hen)小的(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)引起(qi)集(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)，這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)三(san)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)大(da)作(zuo)用。 三(san)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子開(kai)(kai)關，配(pei)合其(qi)它(ta)元件(jian)(jian)還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)振蕩器。 半(ban)導體三(san)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)除了構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)放(fang)(fang)大(da)器和(he)作(zuo)開(kai)(kai)關元件(jian)(jian)使用外(wai)，還能夠(gou)做成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)些可(ke)(ke)單獨使用的(de)(de)兩(liang)端或三(san)端器件(jian)(jian)。

三(san)極(ji)(ji)管放大(da)(da)作用集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)受(shou)基(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)控制(假設電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源能夠提供給集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)足夠大(da)(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)話)，并且基(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)很(hen)小(xiao)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)，會引(yin)(yin)起集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)，且變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)滿足一定的(de)(de)比(bi)例(li)(li)關系：集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)量(liang)是基(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)量(liang)的(de)(de)β倍，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)被放大(da)(da)了β倍，所(suo)以我(wo)們把(ba)β叫做三(san)極(ji)(ji)管的(de)(de)放大(da)(da)倍數(shu)(β一般(ban)遠(yuan)大(da)(da)于1，例(li)(li)如幾十，幾百)。如果我(wo)們將(jiang)一個(ge)(ge)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)小(xiao)信(xin)號加到(dao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)跟發(fa)射極(ji)(ji)之間，這(zhe)就(jiu)會引(yin)(yin)起基(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ib的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)，Ib的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)被放大(da)(da)后，導致(zhi)了Ic很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)。如果集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ic是流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)一個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R的(de)(de)，那么(me)根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓計(ji)算(suan)公式U=R*I可以算(suan)得(de)，這(zhe)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓就(jiu)會發(fa)生(sheng)很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)。我(wo)們將(jiang)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓取出來(lai)，就(jiu)得(de)到(dao)了放大(da)(da)后的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓信(xin)號了。三(san)極(ji)(ji)管廠家認證深(shen)圳盟(meng)科電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子，質量(liang)好，性價比(bi)高。

制造三(san)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)時，有意識地(di)使發(fa)射(she)(she)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)數載(zai)流(liu)子(zi)濃度大于(yu)(yu)基(ji)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)，同(tong)時基(ji)區(qu)做得(de)很(hen)薄，而且，要嚴格控制雜質含量(liang)，這樣，一旦接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源后(hou)，由于(yu)(yu)發(fa)射(she)(she)結正(zheng)(zheng)偏(pian)(pian)，發(fa)射(she)(she)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)數載(zai)流(liu)子(zi)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)）及(ji)基(ji)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)數載(zai)流(liu)子(zi)（空(kong)穴）很(hen)容(rong)易地(di)越(yue)過發(fa)射(she)(she)結互相(xiang)向對方擴(kuo)散，但(dan)因前(qian)者的(de)(de)(de)濃度基(ji)大于(yu)(yu)后(hou)者，所(suo)以通過發(fa)射(she)(she)結的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)基(ji)本上是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)流(liu)，這股電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)流(liu)稱為發(fa)射(she)(she)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)子(zi)。由于(yu)(yu)基(ji)區(qu)很(hen)薄,加(jia)上集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結的(de)(de)(de)反偏(pian)(pian)，注入基(ji)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)大部分越(yue)過集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結進入集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)而形(xing)成集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)Ic，只剩(sheng)下很(hen)少（1-10%）的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)在基(ji)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)穴進行復合(he)，被復合(he)掉的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)區(qu)空(kong)穴由基(ji)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源Eb重新補(bu)給。三(san)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)與(yu)基(ji)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)成正(zheng)(zheng)比。廣州(zhou)IC三(san)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)特性(xing)

鍺三極(ji)管(guan)已經(jing)逐漸被(bei)硅三極(ji)管(guan)所取代。江蘇NPN三極(ji)管(guan)品牌

三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)性(xing)有流(liu)控特(te)(te)性(xing)、放(fang)大功能特(te)(te)性(xing)；要想讓(rang)三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)完(wan)全導通，必須要讓(rang)兩端(duan)加一個大于0.7V的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)才完(wan)全導通。三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)，全稱(cheng)應為半(ban)導體(ti)(ti)三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)，也(ye)稱(cheng)雙極(ji)(ji)型晶體(ti)(ti)管(guan)、晶體(ti)(ti)三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)，是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)半(ban)導體(ti)(ti)器(qi)件。其(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)用是(shi)(shi)把微弱信號(hao)(hao)放(fang)大成幅度值較大的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)(hao)，也(ye)用作(zuo)(zuo)無觸點開關。三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)是(shi)(shi)半(ban)導體(ti)(ti)基本元器(qi)件之(zhi)一，具有電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放(fang)大作(zuo)(zuo)用，是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)重點元件。三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)是(shi)(shi)在一塊半(ban)導體(ti)(ti)基片上制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)兩個相距很近的(de)(de)(de)PN結，兩個PN結把整(zheng)塊半(ban)導體(ti)(ti)分成三(san)(san)部(bu)(bu)分，中(zhong)間(jian)部(bu)(bu)分是(shi)(shi)基區(qu)，兩側部(bu)(bu)分是(shi)(shi)發射(she)區(qu)和集電(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)，排列方式有PNP和NPN兩種(zhong)。江蘇NPN三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)品牌

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